Exercises

1. What geoms would you use to draw each of the following plots?

• Scatterplot: geom_point()
• Line Chart: geom_line()
• Histogram: geom_histogram()
• Bar Chart: geom_bar(stat = "identity")
• Pie Chart: geom_bar(width = 1, stat = "identity") + coord_polar(theta = "y")

2. Differences between geom_path() and geom_polygon()

• geom_path() connects points in the order they appear.
• geom_polygon() connects points and closes the shape by linking the last point back to the first.

3. Differences between geom_path() and geom_line()

• geom_line() connects points in order of x values.
• geom_path() follows the exact order of points in the dataset.

4. Low-level geoms used in composite geoms

• geom_smooth(): Uses geom_line() and geom_ribbon().
• geom_boxplot(): Uses geom_segment() and geom_rect().
• geom_violin(): Uses geom_density_ridges().